Criminal Justice (Theft and Fraud Offences) Act, 2001

Meaning of “false” and “making”.

30.—(1) An instrument is false for the purposes of this Part if it purports—

(a) to have been made in the form in which it is made by a person who did not in fact make it in that form,

(b) to have been made in the form in which it is made on the authority of a person who did not in fact authorise its making in that form,

(c) to have been made in the terms in which it is made by a person who did not in fact make it in those terms,

(d) to have been made in the terms in which it is made on the authority of a person who did not in fact authorise its making in those terms,

(e) to have been altered in any respect by a person who did not in fact alter it in that respect,

(f) to have been altered in any respect on the authority of a person who did not in fact authorise the alteration in that respect,

(g) to have been made or altered on a date on which, or at a place at which, or otherwise in circumstances in which, it was not in fact made or altered, or

(h) to have been made or altered by an existing person where that person did not in fact exist.

(2) A person shall be treated for the purposes of this Part as making a false instrument if he or she alters an instrument so as to make it false in any respect (whether or not it is false in some other respect apart from that alteration).