S.I. No. 50/1996 - Air Navigation (Personnel Licensing) (Amendment) Order, 1996.

S.I. No. 50 of 1996.

AIR NAVIGATION (PERSONNEL LICENSING) (AMENDMENT) ORDER, 1996.

The Irish Aviation Authority, in exercise of the powers conferred on it by Section 5 , 6 , 59 , 60 and 75 of the Irish Aviation Authority Act, 1993 (No. 29 of 1993), and having informed the Minister of Transport, Energy and Communications of its intention to make the Order and of its purpose under Section 5 subsection 8 of the Act hereby orders as follows:—

PART I PRELIMINARY

1. (1) This Order may be cited as the Air Navigation (Personnel Licensing) (Amendment) Order, 1996.

(2) In this Order, "the Principal Order" means the Air Navigation (Personnel Licensing) Order, 1966 ( S.I. No. 165 of 1966 ).

(3) The Principal Order, the Air Navigation (Personnel Licensing) (Amendment) Order, 1988 ( S.I. No. 342 of 1988 ) and this Order may be cited together as the Air Navigation (Personnel Licensing) Orders, 1966 to 1996.

(4) This Order shall come into operation on the first day of June, 1996.

2. Any term, definition or reference used in the Principal Order, in the 1988 Order and in this Order shall be construed as having the same meaning, unless otherwise stated.

3. The Air Navigation (Personnel Licensing) (Amendment) Order, 1995 ( S.I. No. 222 of 1995 ) is hereby revoked.

PART II

1. The Principal Order is hereby amended as follows:—

(1) Article 2—

Insert the following definitions—

"The Authority" means The Irish Aviation Authority;

"Commercial air transport operation" means an aircraft operation involving the transport of passengers, cargo or mail for remuneration or hire;

"multi-pilot crew" means two or more pilots assigned to a single aircraft;

"synthetic flight trainer" means any one of the following three types of apparatus in which flight conditions are simulated on the ground:—

( a ) a flight simulator, which provides an accurate representation of the flight deck of a particular aircraft type to the extent that the mechanical, electrical, electronic and other aircraft systems control functions, the normal environment of flight crew members, and the performance and flight characteristics of that type of aircraft are realistically simulated;

( b ) a flight procedures trainer, which provides a realistic flight-deck environment, and which simulates instrument responses, simple control functions of mechanical, electrical, electronic and other aircraft systems, and the performance and flight characteristics of aircraft of a particular class;

( c ) a basic instrument flight trainer, which is equipped with appropriate instruments, and which simulates the flight deck of an aircraft in flight in instrument flight conditions.

(2) The deletion from Article 9 of:—

"Senior commercial pilots licence		6 months"
Airline transport pilots licence
and the substitution therefor of:—
"Airline transport pilots licence		If the applicant's age is under 40 years, 12 months. If the applicant's age is over 40 years, 6 months".

(3) The deletion of all references to "Senior Commercial Pilot" from Articles 16, 32, 33 and 34.

(4) Article 13, Paragraph (2)

Delete Paragraph (2)

Insert therefor:—

"(2) A flight instructor rating shall specify:—

(i) the type of aircraft in which the holder of the licence is authorised to give instruction;

(ii) whether or not the holder of the licence is authorised to give instruction for the issue of an instrument rating, a flight instructor rating or any other licence or rating as deemed appropriate;

and such rating may be extended by the Authority to cover the giving of instruction in the flying of any other type of aircraft or for the issue of any other licence or rating on such a holder applying therefor and satisfying the requirements appropriate in accordance with Article 38 of this Order for the extension of such rating."

(5) Article 13, clause (i) of Paragraph (3)

Delete "12"

Insert therefor "36"

(6) Article 35, Sub-Paragraph (b) of Paragraph (1) Line 1

Delete "to Paragraph (3) of this Article and"

Delete Paragraph (3)

(7) Article 36

Delete "sub-paragraph (4) (a)

Insert "(a) a rating for each type of aeroplane certificated for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots"

(8) Article 36, Sub-paragraph (4) (c) line 4

Delete " paragraph (4), (5) or (6) of"

(9) Article 38, Paragraph (1) line 3

Delete "VI"

Insert therefor "V"

(10) Article 39, Paragraph (1) line 3

Delete "PART VII"

Insert therefor "Paragraph 1 of PART VI"

(11) Article 39, Paragraph (2) line 3

Delete "5 of PART VII"

Insert therefor "3 of PART VI"

(12) Article 40, Paragraph (1) line 2

Delete "or renewal"

(13) Article 40, Paragraph (1) lines 3 and 4

Delete "paragraph 4"

Insert therefor "sub-paragraphs (3) (b) of Paragraphs 1 or 3, as appropriate,"

(14) Article 41, sub-paragraph (1) (a) line 1

Delete "paragraphs (2) to (8) of this Article"

Insert therefor "The appropriate part of Schedule 1 to this Order"

(15) Delete Schedule 1 of the Principal Order and insert therefor:—

"SCHEDULE 1

TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

PART I

1. Student Pilot Licence Requirements — Aeroplane and Helicopter:

The requirements for a student pilot licence to fly an aeroplane or helicopter shall be as follows:—

(1) Knowledge:

The applicant shall produce a certificate, signed and dated by a duly authorised flight instructor, that he has satisfied such instructor that he has an adequate knowledge of the rules of the air and local control procedures.

(2) Experience:

(a ) The applicant shall produce a certificate, signed and dated by a duly authorised flight instructor, that he has completed satisfactorily a course of dual flight instruction and is, in the opinion of such flight instructor, competent to undertake solo flight in an aircraft of the category to be flown under the supervision of an authorised flight instructor.

( b ) Flight time shall be credited in accordance with the requirements of Schedule VI to this Order.

(3) Certification:

The certification required under the preceding paragraphs shall be written in the pilot's log book and shall be signed and dated by the duly authorised flight instructor whom the applicant has satisfied as to his knowledge and experience respectively.

(4) Medical Fitness:

The applicant shall meet the medical requirements specified in Article 34 of the Principal Order.

(5)Age Limits:

Age limits shall be in accordance with Article 33 of the Principal Order.

2. Student Pilot Licence Privileges — Aeroplane and Helicopter:

The privileges of the holder of a Student Pilot Licence to act as pilot-in-command and the limitations to be observed in exercising such privileges are as follows:—

(1) all flights shall be made under the supervision of, and in accordance with instructions given by, a duly authorised flight instructor;

(2) all flights shall be made within the territorial limits of the state;

(3) no passenger may be carried in the aircraft;

(4) no cross-country flight may be undertaken unless and until a duly authorised flight instructor has certified in the student's pilot log book that the holder of the student pilot licence:—

( a ) has passed to the satisfaction of such flight instructor an examination in air navigation, rules of the air and air traffic control procedures, elementary map reading and the use of the compass in flight; and

( b ) is competent to undertake cross-country flight.

PART II

PRIVATE PILOT LICENCE

1. Private Pilot Licence Requirements — Aeroplane:

The requirements for a private pilot licence to fly an aeroplane shall be as follows:—

(1)Knowledge:

The applicant shall pass an examination in at least the following subjects:—

( a ) Air Law:

rules and regulations relevant to the holder of a private pilot licence (aeroplane); rules of the air; appropriate air traffic services practices and procedures;

( b ) Aeroplanes — General Knowledge:

(i) principles of operation of aeroplane powerplants, systems and instruments;

(ii) operating limitations of aeroplanes and powerplants; relevant operational information from the flight manual or other appropriate document;

( c ) Flight Performance and Planning:

(i) effects of loading and mass distribution on flight characteristics; mass and balance calculations:

(ii) use and practical application of take-off, landing and other performance data;

(iii) pre-flight and en-route flight planning appropriate to private operations under VFR; preparation and filing of air traffic services flight plans; appropriate air traffic services procedures; position reporting procedures; altimeter setting procedures; operations in areas of high density traffic;

( d ) Human Performance and Limitations:

human performance and limitations relevant to the private pilot (aeroplane);

( e ) Meteorology:

application of elementary aeronautical meteorology; use of, and procedures for, obtaining meteorological information; altimetry;

( f ) Navigation:

practical aspects of air navigation and dead reckoning techniques; use of aeronautical charts;

( g ) Operational Procedures:

(i) use of aeronautical documentation such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations;

(ii) appropriate precautionary and emergency procedures, including action to be taken to avoid hazardous weather, wake turbulence and other operating hazards;

( h ) Principles of flight:

principles of flight relating to aeroplanes; and

( i ) Radiotelephony:

radiotelephony procedures and phraseology as applied to VFR Operations; action to be taken in the event of communication failure.

(2) Examination — Aeroplanes:

The examination shall be based on a syllabus determined by the Authority and shall include an examination on the types of aeroplanes certificated for multi-pilot crew operations for which the licence is sought.

(3) Experience — Aeroplane:

( a ) The applicant shall have satisfactorily completed as pilot of aeroplanes not less than 45 hours of flight time which shall include not less than:—

(i) 10 hours of solo flight time, supervised by a duly authorised flight instructor, including at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time with at least one solo cross-country flight totalling not less than 150 NM in the course of which full stop landings at two different aerodromes shall be made;

(ii) 5 hours of instrument instruction time of which not more than 2 hours may be instrument ground time; and

(iii) 5 hours as pilot-in-command or dual instruction flight time during the 90 day period immediately preceding the date of application.

( b ) If the privileges of the licence are to be exercised at night, the applicant shall have completed an additional 5 hours of flight time at night in an aeroplane, including 4 hours of dual instruction and 5 solo take-offs, circuits and full stop landings.

( c ) The Authority shall determine whether experience as a pilot under instruction in an approved synthetic flight trainer is acceptable as part of the total flight time of 45 hours. Credit for such experience shall be limited to a maximum of 5 hours.

( d ) When the applicant has flight time as a pilot of air craft in other categories, the Authority shall determine whether such experience is acceptable and, if so, the applicant may be credited with not more than 6 hours of such flight time, and flight time requirements of sub-paragraph 3 (a) may be reduced accordingly.

( e ) Flight time shall be credited in accordance with the requirements of Schedule VI to this Order.

(4) Flight Instruction — Aeroplane:

The applicant, who shall hold a student pilot licence — aeroplane, shall have received dual instruction in an aeroplane from a duly authorised flight instructor. The instructor shall ensure that the applicant has operational experience in at least the following areas to the level of performance required for the private pilot:—

(i) pre-flight operation, including mass and balance determination, aeroplane inspection and servicing;

(ii) aerodrome and traffic pattern operations, collision avoidance precautions and procedures;

(iii) control of the aeroplane by external visual reference;

(iv) flight at critically slow airspeeds, recognition of, and recovery from, incipient and full stalls;

(v) flight at critically high airspeeds; recognition of, and recovery from, spiral dives;

(vi) normal and cross-wind take-offs and landings;

(vii) maximum performance (short field and obstacle clearance) take-offs; short field landings;

(viii) flight by reference solely to instruments, including the completion of a level 180° turn;

(ix) cross-country flying using visual reference, dead-reckoning and, where available, radio navigation aids;

(x) emergency operations, including simulated aeroplane equipment malfunctions; and

(xi) operations to, from and transitting controlled aerodromes, compliance with air traffic services procedures, radiotelephony procedures and phraseology.

(5) Skill — Aeroplane:

The applicant shall have demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Authority the ability to perform as pilot-in-command of an aeroplane, the procedures and manoeuvres described in paragraph 1(5), with a degree of competency appropriate to the privileges granted to the holder of a private pilot licence (aeroplane); and to:—

(i) operate the aeroplane within its limitations;

(ii) complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy;

(iii) exercise good judgement and airmanship;

(iv) apply aeronautical knowledge; and

(v) maintain control of the aeroplane at all times in a manner such that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is never seriously in doubt.

(6) Additional Ratings — Aeroplane:

The applicant shall meet the appropriate requirements specified in Part VII of this Schedule.

(7) Renewal of Licence — Aeroplane:

The applicant shall produce satisfactory evidence of having flown in aeroplanes, during the 6 month period immediately preceding the date of application for renewal, not less than 5 hours as pilot-in-command or dual instruction flight time or 10 hours as co-pilot, or an equivalent amount of combined flight time as pilot-in-command and co-pilot, calculating two hours co-pilot flight time as equivalent to one hour pilot-in-command flight time. If the foregoing requirements are not met then the applicant shall satisfy the Authority that he has maintained his competence to fly aeroplanes of the class and type specified on his licence in the capacity (pilot-in-command or co-pilot) in which he wishes to fly such aeroplanes.

(8) Medical Fitness:

The applicant shall meet the medical requirements specified in Article 34 of the Principal Order.

(9) Age Limits

Age limits shall be in accordance with Article 33 of the Principal Order.

2. Private Pilot Licence Privileges and Limitations —Aeroplane:

The privileges of the holder of a valid Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) and the limitations to be observed in exercising such privileges are as follows:—

(1) Privileges

To act, but not for remuneration (save where given in the circumstances mentioned in the proviso to paragraph (2) of Article 2 of the Principal Order)—

( a ) as pilot-in-command or as co-pilot of any aeroplane, when operated as a private aircraft, of the type or types specified in the aircraft rating on his licence;

( b ) as pilot-in-command or as co-pilot of any aeroplane when operated as a private aircraft, of the class specified in the aircraft rating on his licence which is not certificated for operation by a multi-pilot crew and which is not an aeroplane of an unconventional type.

(2) Limitations

( a ) Before exercising the privileges at night, the licence holder shall have complied with the requirements specified in sub-paragraph (3) (b) of paragraph 1.

( b ) The holder of a private pilot licence (aeroplane) shall not act as pilot-in-command of an aeroplane carrying passengers unless within the preceding 90 days he has made three take-offs, circuits and landings as the sole manipulator of the controls in an aeroplane of the same type or class; if the privileges are to be exercised at night the holder shall have completed the aforementioned requirements by night.

3. Private Pilot Licence Requirements — Helicopter:

The requirements for a private pilot licence to fly a helicopter shall be as follows:—

(1) Knowledge:

The applicant shall pass an examination in at least the following subjects:—

( a ) Air Law:

rules and regulations relevant to the holder of a private pilot licence (helicopter); rules of the air: appropriate air traffic services practices and procedures;

( b ) Helicopters — General Knowledge:

(i) principles of operation of helicopter powerplants, transmissions (power-trains), systems and instruments;

(ii) operating limitations of helicopters and powerplants; relevant operational information from the flight manual or other appropriate document;

( c ) Flight Performance and Planning:

(i) (i) effects of loading and mass distribution on flight characteristics; mass and balance calculations;

(ii) use and practical application of take-off, landing and other performance data;

( d ) Human Performance and Limitations:

human performance and limitations relevant to the private pilot (helicopter);

( e ) Meteorology:

application of elementary aeronautical meteorology; use of, and procedures for obtaining, meteorological information; altimetry;

( f ) Navigation:

practical aspects of air navigation and dead-reckoning techniques; use of aeronautical charts;

( g ) Operational Procedures:

(i) use of aeronautical documentation such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations;

(ii) appropriate precautionary and emergency procedures including action to be taken to avoid hazardous weather and wake turbulence; settling with power, ground resonance, roll-over and other operational hazards;

( h ) Principles of Flight:

principles of flight relating to helicopters; and

( i ) Radiotelephony:

radiotelephony procedures and phraseology as applied to VFR Operations; action to be taken in the event of communication failure;

(2) Examinations — Helicopters:

The examination shall be based on a syllabus determined by the Authority and shall include an examination on the types of helicopters for which the licence is sought.

(3) Experience — Helicopter:

( a ) The applicant shall have satisfactorily completed as a pilot of helicopters not less than 45 hours of flight time, which shall include not less than:—

(i) 10 hours of solo flight time, supervised by a duly authorised flight instructor, including at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight time with at least one solo cross-country flight totalling not less than 100 NM in the course of which landings at two different points shall be made;

(ii) 5 hours of instrument instruction time of which not more than 2 hours may be instrument ground time;

(iii) 5 hours as pilot-in-command or dual instruction flight time during the 90 day period immediately preceding the date of application.

( b ) If the privileges of the licence are to be exercised at night, the applicant shall have completed on additional 5 hours of flight time at night in a helicopter, including 4 hours of dual instruction and 5 solo take-offs, circuits and full-stop landings.

( d ) When the applicant has flight time as a pilot of aircraft in other categories, the Authority shall determine whether such experience is acceptable and, if so, the applicant may be credited with not more than 6 hours of such flight time and flight time requirements of subparagraph 3 (a) may be reduced accordingly.

( e ) Flight time shall be credited in accordance with the requirements of Schedule VI to this Order.

(4) Flight Instruction — Helicopters:

The applicant, who shall hold a student pilot licence (helicopter), shall have received dual instruction in a helicopter from a duly authorised flight instructor. The instructor shall ensure that the applicant has operational experience in at least the following areas to the level of performance required for the private pilot:—

(i) pre-flight operations, including mass and balance determination, helicopter inspection and servicing;

(ii) aerodrome and traffic pattern operations, collision avoidance precautions and procedures;

(iii) control of the helicopter by external visual reference;

(iv) recovery at the incipient stage from settling with power; recovery techniques with low-rotor RPM;

(v) ground manoeuvring and run-ups; hovering; take-offs and landings — normal, out of wind and sloping ground;

(vi) take-offs and landings with minimum necessary power; maximum performance take-off and landing techniques; restricted site operations; quick stops;

(vii) cross-country flying using visual reference, dead-reckoning and, where available, radio navigation aids;

(viii) emergency operations, including simulated helicopter equipment malfunctions; autorotative approach and landing;

(ix) operations to, from and transitting controlled aerodromes, compliance with air traffic services procedures, radiotelephony procedures and phraseology; and

(x) operational experience in flight by sole reference to instruments including the safe completion of a level 180° turn, in a suitably instrumented helicopter.

(5) Skill —Helicopters:

The applicant shall have demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Authority the ability to perform as pilot-in-command of a helicopter the procedures and manoeuvres described in paragraph 3(5), with a degree of competency appropriate to the privileges granted to the holder of a private pilot licence (helicopter); and to:—

(i) operate the helicopter within its limitations;

(ii) complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy;

(iii) exercise good judgement and airmanship;

(iv) apply aeronautical knowledge; and

(v) maintain control of the helicopter at all times such that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is never seriously in doubt.

(6) Additional Ratings — Helicopter:

The applicant shall meet the appropriate requirements specified in Part VII of this Schedule.

(7) Renewal of Licence — Helicopter:

The applicant shall produce satisfactory evidence of having flown in helicopters, during the 6 month period immediately preceding the date of application for renewal, not less than 5 hours as pilot-in-command or dual instruction flight time or 10 hours as co-pilot, or an equivalent amount of combined flight time as pilot-in-command and co-pilot, calculating two hours co-pilot flight time as equivalent to one hour pilot-in-command flight time. If the foregoing requirements are not met then the applicant shall satisfy the Authority that he has maintained his competence to fly helicopters of the class and type specified on his licence in the capacity (pilot-in-command or co-pilot) in which he wishes to fly such helicopters.

(8) Medical Fitness:

The applicant shall meet the medical requirements specified in Article 34 of the Principal Order.

(9) Age Limits:

Age limits shall be in accordance with Article 33 of the Principal Order.

4. Private Pilot Licence Privileges and Limitations — Helicopter:

The privileges of the holder of a valid Private Pilot Licence (Helicopter) and the limitations to be observed in exercising such privileges are as follows:—

(1) Privileges

to act, but not for remuneration (save where given in the circumstances mentioned in the proviso to paragraph (2) of Article 2 of the Principal Order) —

as pilot-in-command or as co-pilot of any helicopter when operated as a private aircraft of the type specified in the aircraft rating on his licence.

(2) Limitations

( a ) Before exercising the privileges at night, the licence holder shall comply with the requirements specified in sub-paragraph (3) (b) of paragraph 3.

( b ) The holder of a private pilot licence (helicopter) shall not act as pilot-in-command of a helicopter-carrying passengers unless within the preceding 90 days he has made three take-offs, circuits and landings as the sole manipulator of the controls in a helicopter of the same type or class: if the privileges are to be exercised at night the holder shall have completed the aforementioned requirements by night.

PART III

COMMERCIAL PILOT LICENCE

1. Commercial Pilot Licence Requirements — Aeroplane:

The requirements for a commercial pilot licence to fly an aeroplane shall be as follows:—

(1) Knowledge:

The applicant shall pass an examination in at least the following subjects:—

( a ) Air Law:

rules and regulations relevant to the holder of a commercial pilot licence — aeroplane; rules of the air; appropriate air traffic services practices and procedures;

( b ) Aeroplanes — General Knowledge:

(i) principles of operation and functioning of aeroplane powerplants; systems and instruments;

(ii) operating limitations of appropriate aeroplanes and powerplants; relevant operational information from the flight manual or other appropriate document;

(iii) use and serviceability checks of equipment and systems of appropriate aeroplanes;

(iv) maintenance procedures for airframes, systems and powerplants of appropriate aeroplanes;

( c ) Flight Performance and Planning:

(i) effects of loading and mass distribution on aeroplane handling, flight characteristics and performance; mass and balance calculations;

(ii) use and practical application of take-off, landing and other performance data;

(iii) pre-flight and en-route flight planning appropriate to operations under VFR; preparation and filing of air traffic services flight plans; appropriate air traffic services procedures; altimeter setting procedures;

( d ) Human Performance and Limitations:

human performance and limitations relevant to the commercial pilot — aeroplane;

( e ) Meteorology:

(i) interpretation and application of aeronautical meteorological reports, charts and forecasts; use of, and procedures for obtaining, meteorological information, pre-flight and in-flight; altimetry;

(ii) aeronautical meteorology: climatology of relevant areas in respect of the elements having an effect upon aviation; the movement of pressure systems, the structure of fronts and the origin and characteristics of significant weather phenomena which affect take-off, en-route and landing conditions; hazardous weather avoidance;

( f ) Navigation:

air navigation, including the use of aeronautical charts, instruments and navigation aids; an understanding of the principles and characteristics of appropriate navigation systems; operation of air-borne equipment;

( g ) Operational Procedures:

(i) use of aeronautical documentation such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations;

(ii) appropriate precautionary and emergency procedures;

(iii) operational procedures for carriage of freight; potential hazards associated with dangerous goods;

(iv) requirements and practices for safety briefing to passengers, including precautions to be observed when embarking on and disembarking from aeroplanes;

( h ) Principles of Flight:

principles of flight relating to aeroplanes; and

( i) Radiotelephony:

radiotelephony procedures and phraseology as applied to VFR operations; action to be taken in case of communication failure;

(2) Examination — Aeroplanes:

The examination shall be based on a syllabus determined by the Authority and shall include an examination on the types of aeroplanes for which the licence is sought.

(3) Experience — Aeroplane:

( a ) The applicant shall have satisfactorily completed as a pilot of aeroplanes not less than 200 hours of flight time, or 150 hours if completed during a course of approved training, which shall include not less than:—

(i) 100 hours as pilot-in-command, or in the case of a course of approved training, 70 hours as pilot-in-command;

(ii) 20 hours of cross-country flight as pilot-in-command, including a cross-country flight totalling at least 300 nautical miles in the course of which full-stop landings at two different aerodromes shall be made;

(iii) 10 hours of instrument instruction time of which not more than 5 hours may be instrument ground time;

(iv) 5 hours of flight time at night in an aeroplane, including 4 hours dual instruction and 5 solo take-offs, circuits and full stop landings;

(v) 60 hours of dual instruction or in the case of a course of approved training 80 hours of dual instruction under a duly authorised flight instructor of which not more than 5 hours may be instrument ground time; and

(vi) 10 hours of flight time as pilot-in-command during the 90 day period immediately preceding the date of application.

( b ) The Authority shall determine whether experience as a pilot under instruction in an approved synthetic flight trainer is acceptable as part of the total flight time of 200 hours or 150 hours, as the case may be.Credit for such experience shall be limited to a maximum of 10 hours.

( c ) When the applicant has flight time as a pilot of aircraft in other categories, the Authority shall determine whether such experience is acceptable and, if so, the applicant may be credited with not more than 30 hours of such flight time or 20 hours where he has participated in a course of approved training and the flight time requirements of subparagraph 3 (a) may be reduced accordingly.

( d ) Flight time shall be credited in accordance with the requirements of Schedule VI to this Order.

(4) Flight Instruction — Aeroplane:

The applicant shall have received dual instruction in an aeroplane from a duly authorised flight instructor. The instructor shall ensure that the applicant has operational experience in at least the following areas to the level of performance required for the commercial pilot:—

(i) pre-flight operations, including mass and balance determination, aeroplane inspection and servicing;

(ii) aerodrome and traffic pattern operations, collision avoidance precautions and procedures;

(iii) control of the aeroplane by external visual reference;

(iv) flight at critically slow airspeeds; spin avoidance; recognition of, and recovery from, incipient and full stalls;

(v) flight at critically high airspeeds; recognition of, and recovery from, spiral dives;

(vi) normal and crosswind take-offs and landings;

(vii) maximum performance (short-field and obstacle clearance) take-offs; short-field landings;

(viii) basic flight manoeuvres and recovery from unusual attitudes by reference solely to basic flight instruments;

(ix) cross-country flying using visual reference, dead reckoning and radio navigation aids; diversion procedures;

(x) abnormal and emergency procedures and manoeuvres; and

(xi) operations to, from and transmitting controlled aerodromes, compliance with air traffic services procedures, radiotelephony procedures and phraseology.

(5) Skill — Aeroplane:

The applicant shall have demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Authority the ability to perform as pilot-in-command of an aeroplane, the procedures and manoeuvres described in paragraph 1(4), with a degree of competency appropriate to the privileges granted to the holder of a commercial pilot licence (aeroplane), and to:

(i) operate the aeroplane within its limitations;

(ii) complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy;

(iii) exercise good judgement and airmanship;

(iv) apply aeronautical knowledge; and

(v) maintain control of the aeroplane at all times in a manner such that the successful outcome of a procedure is never seriously in doubt.

(6) Additional Ratings — Aeroplane:

The applicant shall meet the appropriate requirements specified in Part VII of this Schedule.

(7) Renewal of Licence —Aeroplanes:

The applicant shall produce satisfactory evidence of having flown in aeroplanes, during the 6 month period preceding the date of application for renewal, not less than 10 hours as pilot-in-command or 20 hours as co-pilot, or an equivalent amount of combined flying time as pilot-in-command and co-pilot, calculating two hours co-pilot flight time as equivalent to one hour pilot-in-command flight time. If the foregoing requirements are not met then the applicant shall satisfy the Authority that he has maintained his competence to fly aeroplanes of the class and type specified on his licence in the capacity (pilot-in-command or co-pilot) in which he wishes to fly such aeroplanes.

(8) Medical Fitness:

The applicant shall meet the medical requirements specified in Article 34 of this Order.

(9) Age Limits:

Age limits shall be in accordance with Article 33 of this Order.

2. Commercial Pilot Licence Privileges and Limitations — Aeroplane:

The privileges of the holder of a valid Commercial Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) and the limitations to be observed in exercising such privileges are as follows:—

(1) Privileges

( a ) to exercise all the privileges and to observe the limitations of the privileges of a private pilot licence (aeroplane);

( b ) to act as pilot-in-command or co-pilot in any aeroplane, engaged in an operation other than a commercial air transport operation, of the type or types specified in Part I of the aircraft rating on his licence;

( c ) to act as pilot-in-command in any aeroplane engaged in a commercial air transport operation, of the type or types specified in Part 1 of the aircraft rating on his licence, which is an aeroplane certificated for single-pilot operation;

( d ) to act as co-pilot in any aeroplane, engaged in an operation other than a commercial air transport operation, of the type or types specified in Part II of the aircraft rating on his licence; and

( e ) to act as co-pilot in any aeroplane, engaged in a commercial air transport operation and certificated for multi-pilot crew operation, of the type or types specified in Part II of the aircraft rating on his licence, provided that the licence holder shall have passed an examination in the knowledge requirements for the grant of an Airline Transport Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) in accordance with the syllabus determined by the Authority.

(2) Limitations

( a ) The holder of a commercial pilot licence (aeroplane) shall not act as pilot of an aeroplane engaged in an international commercial air transport operation if the licence holder has attained his 60th birthday except:—

(i) as a member of a multi-pilot crew;

(ii) such pilot is the only pilot in the flight crew who has attained the age of 60 years; and

(iii) such holder has obtained permission from each State into whose airspace the holder wishes to fly.

( b ) The holder of a commercial pilot licence (aeroplane) who has attained the age of 65 years shall not act as a pilot of an aeroplane engaged in a commercial air transport operation.

3. Commercial Pilot Licence Requirements — Helicopter:

The requirements for a commercial pilot licence to fly a helicopter shall be as follows:—

(1) Knowledge:

The applicant shall pass an examination in at least the following subjects:—

( a ) Air Law:

rules and regulations relevant to the holder of a commercial pilot licence — helicopter; rules of the air; appropriate air traffic services practices and procedures;

( b ) Helicopters — General Knowledge:

(i) principles of operation and functioning of helicopter powerplants, transmission (power-trains), systems and instruments;

(ii) operating limitations of appropriate helicopters and powerplants; relevant operational information from the flight manual;

(iii) use and serviceability checks of equipment and systems of appropriate helicopters;

(iv) maintenance procedures for airframes, systems and powerplants of appropriate helicopters;

( c ) Flight Performance and Planning:

(i) effects of loading and mass distribution, including external loads, on helicopter handling, flight characteristics and performance; mass' and balance calculations;

(ii) use and practical application of take-off, landing and other performance data;

(iii) pre-flight and en-route flight planning appropriate to operations under VFR: preparation and filing of air traffic services flight plans; appropriate air traffic services procedures; altimeter setting procedures;

( d ) Human Performance and Limitations:

human performance and limitations relevant to the commercial pilot — helicopter;

( e ) Meteorology:

(i) interpretation and application of aeronautical meteorological reports, charts and forecasts; use of, and procedures for obtaining, meteorological information, pre-flight and in flight; altimetry;

(ii) aeronautical meteorology; climatology of relevant areas in respect of the elements having an effect upon aviation; the movement of pressure systems, the structure of fronts, and the origin and characteristics of significant weather phenomena which affect take-off, en-route and landing conditions; hazardous weather avoidance;

( f ) Navigation:

air navigation, including the use of aeronautical charts, instruments and navigation aids; an understanding of principles and characteristics of appropriate navigation systems; operation of airborne equipment;

( g ) Operational Procedures:

(i) use of aeronautical documentation such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations;

(ii) appropriate precautionary and emergency procedures; settling with power, ground resonance, roll-over and other operating hazards;

(iii) operational procedures for carriage of freight, including external loads; potential hazards associated with dangerous goods;

(iv) requirements and practices for safety briefing to passengers, including precautions to be observed when embarking on and disembarking from helicopters;

( h ) Principles of Flight;

principles of flight relating to helicopters; and

( i ) Radiotelephony:

radiotelephony procedures and phraseology as applied to VFR operations; action to be taken in case of communication failure.

(2) Examination — Helicopters:

The examination shall be based on a syllabus determined by the Authority and shall include an examination on the types of helicopters for which the licence is sought.

(3) Experience — Helicopter;

( a ) The applicant shall be the holder of a valid intrument rating (aeroplane) and have satisfactorily completed as a pilot of an aeroplane not less than 1,500 hours of flight time, or 135 hours if completed during a course of approved training, which shall include not less than:—

(i) 35 hours, either as pilot-in-command;

(ii) 10 hours ofcross-countryas pilot-in-command including a cross-country flight totalling at least 150 nautical miles in the course of which landings at two different points shall be made;

(iii) 10 hours of instrument instruction time of which not more than 30 hours may be instrument ground time;

(iv) 5 hours of flight time at night in a helicopter, including 4 hours dual instruction and 5 solo take-offs, circuits and full stop landings;

(v) 65 hours of dual instruction or in the case of a course of approved training 75 hours of dual instruction under a duly authorised flight instructor of which not more than 5 hours may be instrument ground time; and

(vi) 8 hours of flight time as pilot-in-command during the 90 day period immediately preceding the date of application.

( b ) The Authority shall determine whether experience as a pilot under instruction in an approved synthetic flight trainer is acceptable as part of the total flight time of 150 hours or 135 hours, as the case may be. Credit for such experience shall be limited to not more than 10 hours.

( d ) Flight time shall be credited in accordance with the requirements of Schedule VI to this Order.

(4) Flight Instruction — Helicopter:

The applicant shall have received dual instruction in a helicopter from a duly authorised flight instructor. The instructor shall ensure that the applicant has operational experience in at least the following areas to the level of performance required for the commercial pilot:—

(i) pre-flight operations, including mass and balance determination, helicopter inspection and servicing;

(ii) aerodrome and traffic pattern operations, collision avoidance precautions and procedures;

(iii) control, of the helicopter by external visual reference;

(iv) recovery at the incipient stage from settling with power; recovery techniques from low-rotor rpm within the normal range of engine rpm;

(v) ground manoeuvring and run-ups; hovering; take-offs and landings — normal, out of wind and sloping ground; steep approaches;

(vi) take-offs and landings with minimum necessary power; maximum performance take-off and landing techniques; restricted site operations; quick stops;

(vii) hovering out of ground effect; operation with external load, if applicable; flight at high altitude;

(viii) basic flight manoeuvres and recovery from unusual attitudes by reference solely to basic flight instruments;

(ix) cross-country flying using visual reference, dead reckoning and radio navigation aids; diversion procedures;

(x) abnormal and emergency procedures, including simulated helicopter equipment malfunctions, autorotative approach and landing; and

(xi) operating to, from and transmitting controlled aerodromes, compliance with air traffic services procedures, radiotelephony procedures and phraseology.

(5) Skill Helicopters:

The applicant shall have demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Authority the ability to perform as pilot-in-command of a helicopter, the procedures and manoeuvres described in paragraph 3(4), with a degree of competency appropriate to the privileges granted to the holder of a commercial pilot licence (helicopter); and to:—

(i) operate the helicopter within its limitations;

(ii) complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy;

(iii) exercise good judgement and airmanship;

(iv) apply aeronautical knowledge; and

(v) maintain control of the helicopter at all times in a manner such that the successful outcome of a procedure is never seriously in doubt.

(6) Additional Ratings — Helicopter:

The applicant shall meet the appropriate requirements specified in Part VII of this Schedule.

(7) Renewal of Licence — Helicopter:

The applicant shall produce satisfactory evidence of having flown in a helicopter, during the 6 month period immediately preceding the date of application for renewal, not less than 8 hours as pilot-in-command or 16 hours as co-pilot, or an equivalent amount of combined flight time as pilot-in-command and co-pilot, calculating two hours co-pilot flight time as equivalent to one hour pilot-in-command flight time. If the foregoing requirements are not met then the applicant shall satisfy the Authority that he has maintained his competence to fly helicopters of the class and type specified on his licence in the capacity (pilot-in-command or co-pilot) in which he wishes to fly such helicopters.

(8) Medical Fitness:

The applicant shall meet the medical requirements specified in Article 34 of the Principal Order.

(9) Age Limits:

Age limits shall be in accordance with Article 33 of the Principal Order.

4. Commercial Pilot Licence Privileges and Limitations — Helicopter;

The privileges of the holder of a valid Commercial Pilot Licence (Helicopter) and the limitations to be observed in exercising such privileges are as follows:—

(1) Privileges

( a ) to exercise all the privileges and to observe the limitations of the privileges of a private pilot licence (helicopter);

( b ) to act as pilot-in-command or co-pilot in any helicopter, engaged in an operation other than a commercial air transport operation, of the type or types specified in Part 1 of the aircraft rating on his licence;

( c ) to act as pilot-in-command in any helicopter engaged in a commercial air transport operation, of the type or types specified in Part 1 of the aircraft rating on his licence, which is a helicopter certificated for single pilot operation;

( d ) to act as co-pilot in any helicopter, engaged in an operation other than a commercial air transport operation, of the type or types specified in Part II of the aircraft rating on his licence; and

( e ) to act as co-pilot in any helicopter, engaged in a commercial air transport operation and certificated for multi-pilot crew operation, of the type or types specified in Part II of the aircraft rating on his licence, provided that the licence holder shall have passed an examination in the knowledge requirements for the grant of an Airline Transport Pilot Licence (Helicopter) in accordance with the syllabus determined by the Authority.

(2) Limitations

( a ) The holder of a commercial pilot licence (helicopter) shall not act as pilot of a helicopter engaged in an international commercial air transport operation if the licence holder has attained his 60th birthday except:—

(i) as a member of a multi-pilot crew;

(ii) such pilot is the only pilot in the flight crew who has attained the age of 60 years; and

(iii) such holder has obtained permission from each State into whose airspace the holder wishes to fly.

( b ) The holder of a commercial pilot licence (helicopter) who has attained the age of 65 years shall not act as pilot of a helicopter engaged in a commercial air transport operation.

PART IV

AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT LICENCE

1. Airline Transport Pilot Licence Requirements Licence — Aeroplane:

The requirements for an airline transport pilot licence to fly an aeroplane shall be as follow:—

(1) Knowledge:

The applicant shall pass an examination in at least the following subjects:

( a ) Air Law:

rules and regulations relevant to the holder of an airline transport pilot licence — aeroplane; rules of the air; appropriate air traffic services practices and procedures;

( b ) Aeroplanes — General Knowledge:

(i) general characteristics and limitations of electrical, hydraulic, pressurisation and other aeroplane systems; flight control systems, including autopilot and stability augmentation;

(ii) principles of operation, handling procedures and operating limitations of aeroplane powerplants; effects of atmospheric conditions on engine performance; relevant operational information from the flight manual or other appropriate document;

(iii) operating procedures and limitations of appropriate aeroplanes; effects of atmospheric conditions on aeroplane performance;

(iv) use and serviceability checks of equipment and systems of appropriate aeroplanes;

(v) flight instruments; compasses, turning and acceleration errors; gyroscopic instruments, operational limits and precession effects; practices and procedures in the event of malfunctions of various flight instruments;

(vi) maintenance procedures for airframes, systems and powerplants of appropriate aeroplanes;

( c ) Flight Performance and Planning:

(i) effects of loading and mass distribution on aeroplane handling, flight characteristics and performance; mass and balance calculations;

(ii) use and practical application of take-off, landing and other performance data, including procedures for cruise control;

(iii) pre-flight and en-route operational flight planning; preparation and filing of air traffic services flight plans; appropriate air traffic services procedures; altimeter setting procedures;

( d ) Human Performance and Limitations:

human performance and limitations relevant to the airline transport pilot — aeroplane;

( e ) Meteorology:

(i) interpretation and application of aeronautical meteorological reports, charts and forecasts; codes and abbreviations, use of, and procedures for obtaining, meteorological information, pre-flight and in-flight; altimetry;

(ii) aeronautical meteorology; climatology of relevant areas in respect of the elements having an effect upon aviation; the movement of pressure systems; the structure of fronts, and the origin and characteristics of significant weather phenomena which affect take-off, en-route and landing conditions;

(iii) causes, recognition and effects of engine and airframe icing; frontal zone penetration procedures; hazardous weather avoidance;

(iv) practical high altitude meteorology, including interpretation and use of weather reports, charts and forecasts; jet streams;

( f ) Navigation:

(i) air navigation, including the use of aeronautical charts, radio navigation aids and area navigation systems; specific navigation requirements for long-range flights;

(ii) use, limitation and serviceability of avionics and instruments necessary for the control and navigation of aeroplanes;

(iii) use, accuracy and reliability of navigation systems used in departure, en-route, approach and landing phases of flight; identification of radio navigation aids;

(iv) principles and characteristics of self-contained and external referenced navigational systems; operation of airborne equipment;

( g ) Operational Procedures:

(i) interpretation and use of aeronautical documentation such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations, and instrument procedure charts for departure, en-route, descent and approach;

(ii) precautionary and emergency procedures; safety practices associated with flight under IFR;

(iii) operational procedures for carriage of freight and dangerous goods;

(iv) requirements and practices for safety briefing to passengers, including precautions to be observed when embarking on and disembarking from aeroplanes;

( h ) Principles of Flight:

principles of flight relating to aeroplanes; sub-sonic aerodynamics; compressibility effects, manoeuvre boundary limits, wing design characteristics, effects of supplementary lift and drag devices; relationships between lift, drag and thrust at various airspeeds and in different flight configurations; and

( i ) Radiotelephony:

radiotelephony procedures and phraseology; action to be taken in case of communication failure.

(2) Examination — Aeroplanes:

The examination shall be based on a syllabus determined by the Authority and shall include an examination on the types of aeroplanes for which the licence is sought.

(3) Experience — Aeroplane:

( a ) The applicant shall be the holder of a valid instrument rating (aeroplane) and have satisfactorily completed as a pilot of an aeroplane not less than 1,500 hours of flight time, which shall include not less than:—

(i) 250 hours, either as pilot-in-command or made up by not less than 100 hours as pilot-in-command and the necessary additional flight time as co-pilot performing, under the supervision of a duly authorised pilot-in-command, the duties and functions of a pilot-in-command, provided that the method of supervision employed is acceptable to the Authority;

(ii) 200 hours of cross-country flight time, of which not less than 100 hours shall be as pilot-in-command or as co-pilot performing, under the supervision of a duly authorised pilot-in-command, the duties and functions of a pilot-in-command, provided that the method of supervision employed is acceptable to the Authority;

(iii) 75 hours of instrument time of which not more than 30 hours may be instrument ground time; and

(iv) 100 hours of night flight as pilot-in-command or as co-pilot.

( b ) The Authority shall determine whether experience as a pilot under instruction in an approved synthetic flight trainer is acceptable as part of the total flight time of 1500 hours. Credit for such experience shall be limited to a maximum of 100 hours of which not more than 25 hours shall have been acquired in a flight procedures trainer or a basic instrument flight trainer.

( c ) When the applicant has flight time as a pilot of aircraft in other categories, the Authority shall determine whether such experience is acceptable and, if so, the applicant may be credited with not more than 350 hours of such flight time and the flight time requirements of subparagraph 3(a) may be reduced accordingly.

( d ) The total flight time of 1500 hours specified in subparagraph 3 (a) shall include such flying experience in the type or types of aeroplane to which the application relates as is considered reasonable by the Authority.

( e ) Flight time shall be credited in accordance with the requirements of Schedule VI to this Order.

(4) Flight Instruction — Aeroplane:

The applicant shall have received the flight instruction required for the issue of the commercial pilot licence (aeroplane) specified in Part III and the instrument rating (aeroplane) specified in Part VI of this Schedule.

(5) Skill — Aeroplanes:

( a ) The applicant shall have demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Authority the ability to perform, as pilot-in-command of a multi-engined aeroplane required to be operated with a co-pilot, the following procedures and manoeuvres:—

(i) pre-flight procedures, including the preparation of the operational flight plan and filing of the air traffic services flight plan;

(ii) normal flight procedures and manoeuvres during all phases of flight;

(iii) procedures and manoeuvres for IFR operations under normal, abnormal and emergency conditions, including simulated engine failure, and covering at least the following:—

— transition to instrument flight on take-off;

— standard instrument departures and arrivals;

— en-route IFR procedures and navigation;

— holding procedures;

— instrument approaches to specified minima;

— missed approach procedures; and

— landings from instrument approaches;

(iv) abnormal and emergency procedures and manoeuvres related to failures and malfunctions of equipment, such as powerplant, systems and airframe; and

(v) procedures for crew incapacitation and crew co-ordination, including allocation of pilot tasks, crew cooperation and use of checklists.

( b ) The applicant shall have demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Authority the ability to perform the procedures and manoeuvres described in subparagraph 5 (a), with a degree of competency appropriate to the privileges granted to the holder of an airline transport pilot licence — aeroplane, and to

(i) operate the aeroplane within its limitations;

(ii) complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy;

(iii) exercise good judgement and airmanship;

(iv) apply aeronautical knowledge;

(v) maintain control of the aeroplane at all times in a manner such that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is never in doubt;

(vi) understand and apply crew co-ordination and incapacitation procedures; and

(vii) communicate effectively with the other flight crew members.

(6) Additional Ratings — Aeroplane:

The applicant shall meet the appropriate requirements specified in Part VII of this Schedule.

(7) Renewal of Licence — Aeroplane:

The applicant shall produce satisfactory evidence of having flown in aeroplanes, during the 6 month period immediately preceding the date of application for renewal, not less than 10 hours as pilot-in-command or 20 hours as co-pilot, or an equivalent amount of combined flight time as pilot-in-command and co-pilot, calculating two hours co-pilot flight time as equivalent to one hour pilot-in-command flight time. If the foregoing requirements are not met then the applicant shall satisfy the Authority that he has maintained his competence to fly aeroplanes of the class and type specified on his licence in the capacity (pilot-in-command or co-pilot) in which he wishes to fly such aeroplanes.

(8) Medical Fitness:

The applicant shall meet the medical requirements specified in Article 34 of the Principal Order.

(9) Age Limits:

Age limits shall be in accordance with Article 33 of the Principal Order.

2. Airline Transport Pilot Licence Privileges and Limitations — Aeroplane:

The privileges of the holder of a valid Airline Transport Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) and the limitations to be observed in exercising such privileges are as follows:—

(1) Privileges

( a ) to exercise all the privileges and to observe the limitations of the privileges of the holder of a private and commercial pilot licence (aeroplane) and of the instrument rating aeroplane; and

( b ) to act as pilot-in-command or co-pilot in any aeroplane, certificated for multi-pilot crew operation and engaged in commercial air transport operation, of the type or types specified in Part I of the aircraft rating on his licence;

( c ) to act as co-pilot in any aeroplane, certificated for multi-pilot crew operation and engaged in a commercial air transport operation, of the type or types specified in Part II of the aircraft rating on his licence.

(2) Limitations

( a ) The holder of an airline transport pilot licence (aeroplane) shall not act as pilot of an aeroplane engaged in an international commercial air transport operation if the licence holder has attained his 60th birthday except:—

(i) as a member of a multi-pilot crew; and provided that

(ii) such pilot is the only pilot in the flight crew who has attained the age of 60 years; and

(iii) such holder has obtained permission from each State into whose airspace the holder wishes to fly.

( b ) The holder of an airline transport pilot licence (aeroplane) who has attained the age of 65 years shall not act as a pilot of an aeroplane engaged in a commercial air transport operation.

3. Airline Transport Pilot Licence Requirements — Helicopter:

The requirements for an airline transport pilot licence to fly a helicopter shall be as follows:—

(1) Knowledge:

The applicant shall pass an examination in at least the following subjects:—

( a ) Air Law:

rules and regulations relevant to the holder of an airline transport pilot licence — helicopter; rules of the air; appropriate air traffic services practices and procedures;

( b ) Helicopters — General Knowledge:

(i) general characteristics and limitations of electrical, hydraulic, and other helicopter systems; flight control systems, including auto-pilot and stability augmentation;

(ii) principles of operation, handling procedures and operating limitations of helicopter powerplants; transmission (powertrains); effects of atmospheric conditions on engine performance; relevant operational information from the flight manual;

(iii) operating procedures and limitations of appropriate helicopters; effects of atmospheric conditions on helicopter performance; relevant operational information from the flight manual;

(iv) flight instruments; compasses, turning and acceleration errors; gyroscopic instruments, operational limits and precession effects; practices and procedures in the event of malfunctions of various flight instruments;

(v) maintenance procedures for airframes, systems and powerplants of appropriate helicopters;

( c ) Flight Performance and Planning:

(i) effects of loading and mass distribution, including external loads, on helicopter handling, flight characteristics and performance; mass and balance calculations;

(ii) use and practical application of take-off, landing and other performance data, including procedures for cruise control;

(iii) pre-flight and en-route operational flight planning; preparation and filing of air traffic services flight plans; appropriate air traffic services procedures; altimeter setting procedures;

( d ) Human Performance and Limitations:

human performance and limitations relevant to the airline transport pilot — helicopter;

( e ) Meteorology:

(i) interpretation and application of aeronautical meteorological reports, charts and forecasts; codes and abbreviations; use of, and procedures for obtaining, meteorological information, pre-flight and in-flight; altimetry;

(iii) causes, recognition and effects of engine, airframe and rotor icing; hazardous weather avoidance;

( f ) Navigation:

(i) air navigation, including the use of aeronautical charts, radio navigation aids and area navigation systems; specific navigation requirements for long-range flights;

(ii) use, limitation and serviceability of avionics and instruments necessary for the control and navigation of helicopters;

(iii) use, accuracy and reliability of navigation systems; identification of radio navigation aids;

(iv) principles and characteristics of self-contained and external-referenced navigation systems; operation of airborne equipment;

( g ) Operational Procedures:

(i) interpretation and use of aeronautical documentation such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations;

(ii) precautionary and emergency procedures; settling with power, ground resonance, retreating blade stall, dynamic roll-over and other operating hazards; safety practices associated with flight under VFR;

(iii) operational procedures for carriage of freight, including external loads, and dangerous goods;

(iv) requirements and practices for safety briefing to passengers, including precautions to be observed when embarking on and disembarking from helicopters;

( h ) Principles of Flight:

principles of flight relating to helicopters; and

( i) Radiotelephony:

radiotelephony procedures and phraseology as applied to VFR Operations; action to be taken in case of communication failure.

(2) Examination — Helicopters:

The examination shall be based on a syllabus determined by the Authority and shall include an examination on the types of helicopters for which the licence is sought.

(3) Experience — Helicopter:

( a ) The applicant shall have satisfactorily completed as a pilot of helicopters not less than 1,000 hours of flight time, which shall include not less than:—

(i) 250 hours either as pilot-in-command or made up by not less than 100 hours as pilot-in-command and the necessary additional flight time as co-pilot performing, under the supervision of a duly authorised pilot-in-command, the duties and functions of a pilot-in-command, provided that the method of supervision employed is acceptable to the Authority;

(ii) 200 hours of cross-country flight time, of which not less than 100 hours shall be as pilot-in-command or as co-pilot performing under the supervision of a duly authorised pilot-in-command the duties and functions of a pilot-in-command, provided that the method of supervision employed is acceptable to the Authority;

(iii) 50 hours of night flight as pilot-in-command or as co-pilot; and

(iv) 30 hours of instrument time, of which not more than 10 hours may be instrument ground time.

( b ) The Authority shall determine whether experience as a pilot under instruction in an approved synthetic flight trainer is acceptable as part of the total flight time of 1,000 hours. Credit for such experience shall be limited to a maximum of 100 hours, of which not more than 25 hours shall have been acquired in a flight procedures trainer or a basic instrument flight trainer.

( c ) When the applicant has flight time as a pilot of aircraft in other categories, the Authority shall determine whether such experience is acceptable and, if so, the applicant may be credited with not more than 200 hours of such flight time and the flight time requirements of subparagraph 3 (a) may be reduced accordingly.

( d ) The total flight time of 1,000 hours specified in subparagraph (3) (a) shall include such flying experience in the type or types of helicopter to which the application relates as is considered reasonable by the Authority.

( e ) Flight time shall be credited in accordance with the requirements of Schedule VI to this Order.

(4) Flight Instruction — Helicopters: The applicant shall have received the flight instruction required for the issue of the commercial pilot licence (helicopter) specified in Part III of this Schedule.

(5) Skill — Helicopter:

( a ) The applicant shall have demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Authority the ability to perform, as pilot-in-command of a helicopter required to be operated with a co-pilot, the following procedures and manoeuvres:

(i) pre-flight procedures, including the preparation of the operational flight plan and filing of the air traffic services flight plan;

(ii) normal flight procedures and manoeuvres during all phases of flight;

(iii) abnormal and emergency procedures and manoeuvres related to failures and malfunctions of equipment, such as powerplant, systems and airframe; and

(iv) procedures for crew incapacitation and crew co-ordination including allocation of pilot tasks, crew cooperation and use of checklists.

( b ) The applicant shall have demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Authority the ability to perform the procedures and manoeuvres described in subparagraph 5(a), with a degree of competency appropriate to the privileges granted to the holder of an airline transport pilot licence — helicopter, and to:

(i) operate the helicopter within its limitations;

(ii) complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy;

(iii) exercise good judgement and airmanship;

(iv) apply aeronautical knowledge;

(v) maintain control of the helicopter at all times in a manner such that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is never in doubt;

(vi) understand and apply crew co-ordination and incapacitation procedures; and

(vii) communicate effectively with the other flight crew members.

(6) Additional Ratings — Helicopters:

The applicant shall meet the appropriate requirements specified in Part VII of this Schedule.

(7) Renewal of Licence — Helicopter:

The applicant shall produce satisfactory evidence of having flown in helicopters during the 6 month period immediately preceding the date of application for a renewal, not less than 8 hours as pilot-in-command or 16 hours as co-pilot, or an equivalent amount of combined flight time as pilot-in-command and co-pilot, calculating two hours co-pilot flight time as equivalent to one hour pilot-in-command flight time. If the foregoing requirements are not met then the applicant shall satisfy the Authority that he has maintained his competence to fly helicopters of the type and class specified on his licence in the capacity (pilot-in-command or co-pilot) in which he wishes to fly such helicopters.

(8) Medical Fitness:

The applicant shall meet the medical requirements specified in Article 34 of the Principal Order.

(9) Age Limits:

Age limits shall be in accordance with Article 33 of the Principal Order.

4. Airline Transport Pilot Licence Privileges and Limitations — Helicopter:

The privileges of the holder of a valid Airline Transport Pilot Licence (Helicopter) and the limitations to be observed in exercising such privileges are as follows:—

(1) Privileges

( a ) to exercise all the privileges and to observe the limitations of the privileges of the holder of a private and commercial pilot licence (helicopter); and

( b ) to act as pilot-in-command or co-pilot in any helicopter, certificated for multi-pilot crew operation and engaged in a commercial air transport operation, of the type or types specified in Part I of the aircraft rating on his licence;

( c ) to act as co-pilot in any helicopter, certificated for multi-pilot crew operation and engaged in a commercial air transport operation, of the type or types specified in Part II of the aircraft rating on his licence;

(2) Limitations

( a ) The holder of an airline transport pilot licence (helicopter) shall not act as pilot of a helicopter engaged in an international commercial air transport operation if the licence holder has attained his 60th birthday except:—

(i) as a member of a multi-pilot crew; and provided that

(ii) such pilot is the only pilot in the flight crew who has attained the age of 60 years; and

(iii) such holder has obtained permission from each State into whose airspace the holder wishes to fly.

( b ) The holder of an airline transport licence (helicopter) who has attained the age of 65 years shall not act as pilot of a helicopter engaged in a commercial air transport operation.

PART V

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR RATING — AEROPLANES AND HELICOPTERS

1. Flight Instructor Rating Requirements — Aeroplane and Helicopter:

The requirements for a flight instructor rating shall be as follows:—

(1) Knowledge:

The applicant shall have met at least the knowledge requirements specified for a commercial pilot licence aeroplane or helicopter, as appropriate, and shall pass an oral examination in at least the following subjects:—

(i) techniques of applied instruction;

(ii) assessment of student performance in those subjects in which ground instruction is given;

(iii) elements of effective teaching;

(iv) student evaluation and testing; training philosophies;

(v) training programme development;

(vi) lesson planning;

(vii) classroom instructional techniques;

(viii) use of training aids;

(ix) analysis and correction of student errors;

(x) human performance and limitations relevant to flight instruction; and

(xi) hazards involved in simulating system failures and malfunctions in the aircraft.

(2) Examination:

The oral examination shall be based on a syllabus determined by the Authority and shall have particular reference to the category, classes and types of aircraft for which the rating is sought.

(3) Experience:

( a ) Class II Flight Instructor:—

The applicant shall have met, to the satisfaction of the Authority, at least the experience requirements specified for the issue of the commercial pilot licence — aeroplanes or helicopters as appropriate, completed at least 200 hours of flight time of which at least 100 hours shall be as pilot-in-command if holding an ATPL or CPL licence, or 150 hours of pilot-in-command if holding a PPL licence and have undergone satisfactorily a course of approved training in flight instruction comprised of at least the following:—

(i) 30 hours of flight training time comprised of 20 dual flight hours conducted by a duly authorised flight instructor accepted by the Authority for that purpose, 5 hours of mutual flying (that is, two applicants for the flight instructor rating flying together to practice flight demonstrations) and 5 hours of instrument training instruction flight time conducted by a duly authorised instrument flight instructor of which not more than 2 hours may be instrument ground time.

( b ) Class I flight Instructor:

The applicant shall have met, to the satisfaction of the Authority, at least the experience requirements for the issue of the Class II flight instructor rating and have completed not less than:—

(i) 300 hours of flight time as pilot of aircraft or 500 hours where qualification is sought to instruct for the issue of a commercial pilot licence;

(ii) 30 hours of flight time on the type of aircraft for which the rating is sought;

(iii) 100 hours of flight instruction time including the supervision of 25 student solo flights;

(iv) 200 hours flight time in accordance with the instrument flight rules, of which up to 50 hours may be instrument ground time in an approved flight simulator, when a qualification is required to instruct for the issue of an instrument rating;

(v) have completed 500 hours instruction in aircraft when a qualification is required to instruct for the issue of a flight instructor rating; and

(vi) hold a recommendation from a supervising Class 1 Flight Instructor.

( c ) Flight time shall be credited in accordance with the provisions of Schedule VI of this Order.

(4) Flight Instruction:

The applicant shall, under the supervision of a duly authorised flight instructor acceptable to the Authority for that purpose:—

(i) have received instruction in flight instructional techniques including demonstrations, student practices, recognition and correction of common student errors; and

(ii) have practised instructional techniques in those flight manoeuvres and procedures in which it is intended to provide flight instruction.

(5) Skill:

( a ) The applicant shall have demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Authority, the ability to instruct a student pilot, in the category and class of aircraft for which the rating is sought, to the level required for the issue of a private pilot licence including:—

(i) theoretical knowledge;

(ii) pre-flight briefing, post-flight de-briefing; and

(iii) a flight exercise, selected by the examiner, to demonstrate the teaching abilities of the applicant.

( b ) The skill test for the qualification to instruct for the issue of an instrument, night or instructor rating shall include appropriate instructional exercises, selected by the examiner in the category and class of aircraft for which the rating is sought, in order to demonstrate the teaching abilities of the applicant.

(6) Extension of Rating:

The applicant for the inclusion of an additional type of aircraft on a flight instructor rating shall have completed at least 30 hours as pilot-in-command on that type provided that this requirement may be modified to such an extent as the Authority may determine having regard to the applicant's general experience, qualifications and competency.

The applicant shall be required to produce satisfactory evidence of recent experience on that type and may, at the discretion of the Authority, be required to undergo an oral examination and skill test with an authorised examiner.

(7) Validity of Rating:

All instructor ratings shall be valid for three years.

(8) Renewal of Rating:

The applicant for the renewal of a flight instructor rating shall fulfil two of the following requirements:—

(i) complete at least 100 hours of flight instruction during the period of validity of the rating, including at least 30 hours of flight instruction within the 12 months preceding revalidation;

(ii) attend a flight instructor refresher seminar, as approved by the Authority, during the 12 month period preceding the application date for renewal; or

(iii) pass an oral examination and skill test with a duly authorised flight instructor examiner during the 12 month period preceding the application date for renewal.

2. Flight Instructor Rating Privileges and Limitations — Aeroplane and Helicopter:

The privileges of the holder of a Flight Instructor Rating and the limitations to be observed in exercising such privileges are as follows:—

(1) Class II Flight Instructor Rating: — Privileges and Limitations

( a ) Privileges

The privileges of the holder of a Flight Instructor Rating Class II are that, when operating under the direction of an appropriately rated Flight Instructor Class I:—

(i) he may give instruction in flying aircraft of the types specified in his Flight Instructor Rating Class II;

(ii) he may give instruction for the grant or renewal of a pilot licence or rating specified in his Flight Instructor Rating Class II:

(iii) he may give directions in relation to such flight instruction to any person flying or about to fly as pilot-in-command of an aircraft.

( b ) Limitations

The limitations on the holder of a Flight Instructor Rating Class II are that:—

(i) he is not entitled to give directions to a person in respect of the performance by that person of his first solo flight by day or night or his first solo cross-country flight by day or night;

(ii) he is not entitled to certify as to any matter required to be certified by a duly authorised flight instructor pursuant to the provisions of the Principal Order as amended by this Order.

(2) Class I Flight Instructor Rating — Privileges

The privileges of the holder of a Flight Instructor Rating Class I are that:—

(i) he may give instruction in flying aircraft of the types specified in his Flight Instructor Rating Class I;

(ii) he may give instruction for the grant or renewal of a pilot licence or rating specified in his Flight Instructor Rating Class I;

(iii) he may give directions in relation to such flight instruction to a Flight Instructor Class II and to any person flying or about to fly as pilot-in-command of an aircraft.

(iv) he may certify as to any matter required to be certified by a duly authorised flight instructor pursuant to the provisions of the Principal Order as amended by this Order.

PART VI

INSTRUMENT RATING

1. Instrument Rating Requirements — Aeroplane:

The requirements for an instrument rating (aeroplane) shall be as follows:—

(1) Pre-Requisite:

The applicant shall hold at least the private pilot licence (aeroplane).

(2) Knowledge:

The applicant shall have demonstrated a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges granted to the holder of an instrument rating (aeroplane), in at least the following subjects:—

( a ) Air Law:

rules and regulations relevant to flight under IFR; related air traffic services practices and procedures;

( b ) Aeroplanes — General Knowledge:

(i) use, limitation and serviceability of avionics and instruments necessary for the control and navigation of aeroplanes under IFR and in instrument meteorological conditions; use and limitations of autopilot;

(ii) compasses, turning and acceleration errors; gyroscopic instruments, operational limits and precession effects; practices and procedures in the event of malfunctions of various flight instruments;

( c ) Flight Performance and Planning:

(i) pre-flight preparations and checks appropriate to flight under IFR;

(ii) operational flight planning; preparation and filing of air traffic services flight plans under IFR; altimeter setting procedures;

( d ) Human Performance and Limitations:

human performance and limitations relevant to instrument flight in aeroplanes;

( e ) Meteorology:

(i) application of aeronautical meteorology; interpretation and use of reports, charts and forecasts; codes and abbreviations; use of, and procedures for obtaining, meteorological information; altimetry;

(ii) causes, recognition and effects of engine and airframe icing; frontal zone penetration procedures; hazardous weather avoidance;

( f ) Navigation:

(i) practical air navigation using radio navigation aids;

(ii) use, accuracy and reliability of navigation systems used in departure, en-route, approach and landing phases of flight; identification of radio navigation aids;

( g ) Operational Procedures:

(i) interpretation and use of aeronautical documentation such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations, and instrument procedure charts for departure, en-route, descent and approach;

(ii) precautionary and emergency procedures; safety practices associated with flight under IFR; and

( h ) Radiotelephony:

radiotelephony procedures and phraseology as applied to aircraft operations under IFR; action to be taken in case of communication failure;

(3) Examination:

The oral examination shall be based on a syllabus determined by the Authority and shall have particular reference to the classes and types of aeroplane for which the rating is sought.

(4) Experience:

( a ) The applicant shall hold a private or commercial pilot licence (aeroplane) and have not less than 50 hours cross-country flight time as pilot-in-command in aeroplanes or helicopters of which not less than 10 hours shall be in aeroplanes and have undergone satisfactorily a course of approved flight training for the issue of the instrument rating comprised of at least the following:—

(i) a single engine instrument rating (aeroplane) course comprising at least 50 hours of flight time by sole reference to instruments under the supervision of a duly authorised instrument flight instructor in aeroplanes or helicopters of which up to 20 hours may be instrument ground time in an approved flight procedures trainer, or up to 35 hours in an approved flight simulator. The remaining instrument flight instruction time shall include at least 15 hours in aeroplanes; or

(ii) a multi-engine instrument rating (aeroplane) course comprising at least 55 hours flight time by sole reference to instruments in aeroplanes or helicopters under the supervision of a duly authorised instrument flight instructor of which up to 25 hours may be instrument ground time in an approved flight procedures trainer, or up to 40 hours in an approved flight simulator. The remaining instrument flight instruction time shall include at least 15 hours in multi-engine aeroplanes;

( b ) The holder of a single engine instrument rating (aeroplane), who also holds a multi-engine type or class rating, wishing to obtain a multi-engine instrument rating (aeroplane) shall satisfactorily complete a course comprising at least five hours dual instrument flight instruction under a duly authorised instrument flight instructor in multi-engine aeroplanes.

( c ) The holder of a commercial pilot licence (aeroplane) may apply to the Authority to have the experience requirements of sub-paragraph (a) (i) and (ii), as applicable, reduced by not more than 5 hours.

( d ) Flight time shall be credited in accordance with the requirements of Schedule VI to this Order.

(5) Flight Instruction:

The applicant shall have received training from a duly authorised instrument flight instructor who shall ensure that the applicant has experience in at least the following:—

(i) pre-flight procedures for IFR flight, including the use of the flight manual, appropriate air traffic services documents and other relevant publications in the preparation of an IFR flight plan;

(ii) pre-flight inspection, use of checklists, taxiing and pre-take-off checks;

(iii) procedures and manoeuvres for IFR Operation under normal, abnormal and emergency conditions covering at least—

— transition from visual to instrument flight on take-off;

— standard instrument departures and arrivals;

— en-route IFR procedures;

— holding procedures;

— instrument approaches to specified minima;

— missed approach procedures;

— landings from instrument approaches; and

— circle to land

— if appropriate.

(iv) in-flight manoeuvres and particular flight characteristics; and

(v) as appropriate, operation of a multi-engine aeroplane in the above exercises, including operation of the aeroplane by sole reference to instruments with one engine simulated inoperative and engine shut down and restart; (the latter exercise to be carried out at a safe altitude unless carried out in an approved simulator).

(6) Skill — Aeroplane:

( a ) The applicant shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Authority the ability to perform the procedures and manoeuvres described in paragraph 1 (5) with a degree of competency appropriate to the privileges granted to the holder of an instrument rating (aeroplane); and to:—

(i) operate the aeroplane within its limitations;

(ii) complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy;

(iii) exercise good judgement and airmanship;

(iv) apply aeronautical knowledge; and

(v) maintain control of the aeroplane at all times in a manner such that the successful outcome of the procedure or manoeuvre is never seriously in doubt.

( b ) For a multi-engine aeroplane instrument rating the test shall be taken in a multi-engine aeroplane.

( c ) For a single engine aeroplane instrument rating the test shall be taken in a single engine aeroplane. A multi-engine centreline thrust aeroplane shall be considered a single engine aeroplane for the purposes of a single engine aeroplane instrument rating.

(7) Renewal of Rating:

The applicant for the renewal of an instrument rating (aeroplane) shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Authority the ability to perform the procedures and manoeuvres described in paragraph 1 (5), on a single or multi-engine aeroplane as appropriate, with a degree of competency appropriate to the holder of an instrument rating (aeroplane).

(8) Medical Requirements:

The applicant shall meet the medical requirements for the commercial pilot licence specified in Article 34 of the Principal Order.

2. Instrument Rating Privileges — Aeroplane:

The privileges of the holder of a valid Instrument Rating (Aeroplane) and the Limitations to be observed in exercising such privileges are as follows:—

(1) To pilot aeroplanes, under instrument flight rules.

(2) Before exercising the privileges of an instrument rating on multi-engined aeroplanes the holder of the rating shall have demonstrated the ability to operate multi-engined aeroplanes by sole reference to instruments, with one engine inoperative or simulated inoperative.

3. Instrument Rating Requirements — Helicopter:

The requirements for an instrument rating (helicopter) shall be as follows:—

(1) Pre-Requisite:

The applicant shall hold at least a private pilot licence (helicopter).

(2) Knowledge:

The applicant shall have demonstrated a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges granted to the holder of an instrument rating (helicopter), in at least the following subjects:—

( a ) Air Law:

rules and regulations relevant to flight under IFR; related air traffic services practices and procedures;

( b ) Helicopters — General Knowledge:

(i) use, limitation and serviceability of avionics and instruments necessary for the control and navigation of helicopters under IFR and in instrument meteorological conditions; use and limitations of autopilot;

(ii) compasses, turning and acceleration errors; gyroscopic instruments, operational limits and precision effects; practices and procedures in the event of malfunctions of various flight instruments;

( c ) Flight Performance and Planning:

(i) pre-flight preparation and checks appropriate to flight under IFR;

(ii) operational flight planning; preparation and filing of air traffic services flight plans under IFR; altimeter setting procedures;

( d ) Human Performance and Limitations:

human performance and limitations relevant to instrument flight in helicopters;

( e ) Meteorology:

(ii) causes, recognition and effects of engine, airframe and rotor icing; frontal zone penetration procedures; hazardous weather avoidance;

( f ) Navigation:

(i) practical air navigation using radio navigation aids;

(ii) use, accuracy and reliability of navigation systems used in departure, en-route, approach and landing phases of flight; identification of radio navigation aids;

( g ) Operational Procedures:

(i) interpretation and use of aeronautical documentation such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations, and instrument procedure charts for departure, en-route, descent and approach;

(ii) precautionary and emergency procedures; safety practices associated with flight under IFR; and

( h ) Radiotelephony:

Radiotelephony procedures and phraseology as applied to aircraft operations under IFR: action to be taken in case of communication failure.

(3) Examination:

The oral examination shall be based on a syllabus determined by the Authority, and shall have particular reference to the classes and types of helicopter for which the rating is sought.

(4) Experience:

( a ) The applicant shall hold a private, commercial pilot or airline transport pilot licence (helicopter) and have not less than 50 hours cross-country flight time as pilot-in-command in helicopters or aeroplanes of which not less than 10 hours shall be in helicopters and have undergone satisfactorily a course of approved flight training for the issue of the instrument rating comprised of at least the following:—

(i) not less than 50 hours by sole reference to instruments in aeroplanes or helicopters under the supervision of a duly authorised instrument flight instructor of which up to 20 hours may be instrument ground time in an approved flight procedures trainer, or up to 35 hours in an approved flight simulator. The remaining instrument flight instruction time shall include at least 15 hours in helicopters certificated or approved by the Authority for flight by sole reference to instruments and, of which not less than 5 hours shall be in the helicopter type in respect of which the applicant wishes to qualify.

( b ) The holder of a commercial pilot licence (helicopter) may apply to the Authority to have the experience requirements of sub-paragraph (a) (i) reduced by not more than 5 hours.

( c ) Flight time shall be credited in accordance with the requirements of Schedule VI to this Order.

(5) Flight Instruction:

The applicant shall have received training from a duly authorised instrument flight instructor who shall ensure that the applicant has experience in at least the following:—

(i) pre-flight procedures for IFR flight, including the use of the flight manual, appropriate air traffic services documents and other relevant publications in the preparation of a flight plan;

(ii) pre-flight inspection, use of checklists, taxiing and pre-take-off checks;

(iii) procedures and manoeuvres for IFR operation under normal, abnormal and emergency conditions covering at least:—

—transition from visual to instrument flight on take-off;

—standard instrument departures and arrivals;

—en-route IFR procedures;

—holding procedures;

—missed approach procedure;

—landings from instrument approaches; and

—circle to land — if appropriate.

(iv) in-flight manoeuvres and particular flight characteristics; and

(v) as appropriate, operation of a multi-engine helicopter in the above exercises, including operation of the helicopter by sole reference to instruments with one engine simulated inoperative.

(6) Skill-Helicopters:

The applicant shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Authority the ability to perform the procedures and manoeuvres described in paragraph 3 (5) with a degree of competency appropriate to the privileges granted to the holder of an instrument rating (helicopter); and to

(i) operate the helicopter within its limitations;

(ii) complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy;

(iii) exercise good judgement and airmanship;

(iv) apply aeronautical knowledge; and

(v) maintain control of the helicopter at all times in a manner such that the successful outcome of a manoeuvre or procedure is never seriously in doubt.

(7) Renewal of Rating:

The applicant for the renewal of an instrument rating (helicopter) shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Authority the ability to perform the procedures and manoeuvres described in paragraph 3(5) in a helicopter with a degree of competency appropriate to the holder of an instrument rating (helicopter).

(8) Medical Requirements:

The applicant shall meet the medical requirements specified for the commercial pilot licence in Article 34 of the Principal Order.

4. Instrument Rating Privileges — Helicopter:

The privileges of the holder of a valid Instrument Rating (Helicopter) and the limitations to be observed in exercising such privileges are as follows:—

(1) To pilot helicopters, under instrument flight rules.

(2) Before exercising the privileges of an instrument rating on multi-engined helicopters the holder of the rating shall have demonstrated the ability to operate multi-engined helicopters by sole reference to instruments, with one engine inoperative or simulated inoperative.

PART VII

TYPE AND CLASS RATINGS — AEROPLANES AND HELICOPTERS

1. (1) For the grant of a type or class rating, aeroplane or helicopter, the applicant shall have:—

( a ) demonstrated a degree of skill and knowledge appropriate to the pilot licence held, in an aircraft of the type or class for which the rating is sought;

( b ) gained under appropriate supervision, in the applicable type or class of aircraft and/or flight simulator, experience in the following:—

(i) normal flight procedures and manoeuvres during all phases of flight;

(ii) abnormal and emergency procedures and manoeuvres in the event of failures and malfunctions of equipment, including power-plant, systems and airframe;

(iii) where applicable, instrument procedures including, instrument approach, missed approach and landing procedures under normal, abnormal and emergency conditions; and

(iv) where applicable, procedures for crew incapacitation and crew co-ordination including allocation of pilot tasks, crew cooperation and use of checklists; and

( c ) demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Authority the degree of skill and knowledge required for the safe operation of the applicable type or class of aircraft relevant to the duties of a pilot-in-command or a co-pilot as applicable.

2. Multi-Crew Co-operation (MCC):

An applicant for a type rating on an aircraft requiring a multi-pilot crew shall satisfy the Authority that he has successfully undergone an approved course of MCC training appropriate to the type of duties the applicant intends to undertake."

(12) Delete Schedule VI of the Principal Order and insert therefor:—

"SCHEDULE VI

LOGGING AND CREDITING OF FLIGHT TIME

Logging and crediting of flight time shall be as follows:—

1. Logging of flight time in pilot's Log Books:

Particulars of each flight during which the holder of a pilot log book acted either as a member of the flight crew of an aircraft or for the purpose of qualifying for the grant or renewal of a licence or rating under of the Principal Order as amended by this Order, as the case may be, shall be recorded in the log book at the end of each flight or as soon thereafter as is reasonably practicable, including:—

( a ) the date and the places at which the holder embarked on and disembarked from the aircraft and the time spent during the course of a flight when he was acting in either capacity;

( b ) the type and registration marks of the aircraft;

( c ) the capacity in which the holder acted in flight;

( d ) particulars of any special conditions under which the flight was conducted, including night flying and instrument flying; and

( e ) particulars of any skill test or examination undertaken whilst in flight.

2. Crediting of Flight Time:

(1) Pilot-in-command or pilot under instruction:

( a ) The holder of a pilot or student pilot licence shall be entitled to be credited in full with all solo, dual instruction under a duly authorised flight instructor and pilot-in-command flight time.

( b ) A student pilot who is undergoing training for the grant of a licence shall be entitled to be credited in full with all dual instruction time under a duly authorised flight instructor.

(2) Co-pilot:

The holder of a pilot licence, when acting as co-pilot of an aircraft required to be operated with a co-pilot, and on which he holds a valid type rating, may be credited with not more than one-half of the co-pilot flight time towards the total flight time required for a higher grade of pilot licence.

(3) Co-pilot performing the functions and duties of a pilot-in-command:

The holder of a pilot licence, when acting as co-pilot of an aircraft required or approved by the Authority to be operated with a co-pilot, and on which he holds a valid type rating, performing under the supervision of a duly authorised pilot-in-command the functions and duties of a pilot-in-command, may be credited in full with this flight time towards the total flight time required for a higher grade of pilot licence, provided the method of supervision employed is acceptable to the Authority.

(4) Flight Engineer:

The holder of a Flight Engineers licence, when acting as a Flight Engineer on an aircraft required to be operated with a Flight Engineer, and on which he holds a valid type rating, may be credited with not more than one third of such Flight Engineer flight time towards the total flight time required for a higher grade of pilot licence.

(5) Training Flights:

A student pilot, or the holder of a pilot licence undergoing a training or dual instruction flight under a duly authorised flight instructor, or a flight under the supervision of a duly authorised pilot-in-command, or a skill test, as the case may be, for the grant or renewal of a licence or rating under the provisions of the Principal Order as amended by this Order, shall, on completion of such flight, have his log book certified accordingly by the instructor or pilot-in-command as appropriate."

PART III

TRANSITIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

1. Senior Commercial Pilot Licence:

(1) The Authority shall not issue a senior commercial pilot licence after the date on which this Order comes into operation.

(2) The holder of a valid senior commercial pilot licence issued by the Minister or the Authority under the provisions of the Principal Order may continue to exercise the privileges of the licence up until and including the 15th day of November, 1996.

(3) The Authority shall not issue a renewal of a senior commercial pilot licence which would have the effect of making such a licence valid after the 15th day of November, 1996.

(4) The holder of a valid senior commercial pilot licence may at any time up until and including the 15th day of November, 1996, apply to the Authority for the grant of an airline transport pilot licence, provided that such applicant has achieved the experience requirements laid down for such a licence by the Principal Order as amended by this Order.

(5) Every senior commercial pilot licence shall be returned to the Authority for cancellation within 15 days following the 15th day of November, 1996.

(6) Where, in the case of a holder of a senior commercial pilot licence which is valid on the 15th day of November, 1996, such holder cannot meet the experience requirements for the grant of an airline transport pilot licence, such holder may apply to the Authority for the grant of a commercial pilot licence.

2. Airline Transport Pilot Licence Knowledge Requirement for Co-pilots of multi-pilot crew aircraft engaged in Commercial Air Transport Operations:

The requirement for co-pilots of aircraft types certificated for operation with at least two pilots engaged in commercial air transport operations to possess Airline Transport Pilot Licence knowledge shall come into operation on the 1st day of January, 1997.

GIVEN under the common Seal of the Irish Aviation Authority,

this 19th day oF February, 1996.

J. LACEY,

Director.

T. O'SHAUGHNESSY,

Director.

EXPLANATORY NOTE.

1. The purpose of this Amendment Order is as follows:—

( a ) to update, clarify, and where appropriate prescribe, the technical requirements of Schedule I for the grant and renewal of the following:—

—the student pilot licence — aeroplane and helicopter;

—the private pilot licence — aeroplane and helicopter;

—the commercial pilot licence — aeroplane and helicopter;

—the airline transport pilot licence — aeroplane and helicopter;

—the flight instructor rating;

—the instrument rating — aeroplane and helicopter; and

—type and class ratings — aeroplane and helicopter.

( b ) to update, clarify, and where appropriate prescribe, the technical requirements of Schedule VI for the logging and crediting of flight time;

( c ) to abolish the requirement for the senior commercial pilot licence;

( d ) to extend the duration of the validity of the airline transport pilot licence, for licence holders under 40 years of age, to 12 months; and

( e ) to set out the transitional arrangements for the abolition of the senior commercial pilot licence;

2. The information contained in this Amendment Order is in conformance with the international standards for Personnel Licensing of the eighth edition of Annex 1 (Personnel Licensing) to the Convention on International Civil Aviation.